TSMC's 1.4nm HPC AI computing chip production base starts construction of new factory, trial production and mass production

TSMC's 1.4nm HPC high-performance AI computing chip production base starts construction of new factory, trial production and mass production

TSMC's 1.4nm new factory has officially started construction in the fourth quarter of 2025, with a significantly advanced construction progress. It is expected to start trial production in the third quarter of 2027 and enter the full-scale mass production stage in the second half of 2028

The project is located in the second phase of Taichung Central Science Park in Taiwan, China, China. It plans to build four 1.4 nm wafer factories (Fab 25), with a total investment of up to 49 billion US dollars (about NT $1.5 trillion). It will become the largest single scale AI and high-performance computing (HPC) chip production base in the world.

The construction pace is accelerating: The 1.4nm process originally planned for mass production in 2028 has been advanced due to the surge in demand for AI computing power. The related basic engineering has been roughly completed, and the bidding for civil engineering and equipment installation is about to begin. The overall progress is two to three months faster than the original schedule.

Clear technical roadmap: The 1.4nm process (A14) will adopt the second-generation GAA transistor structure. Although High NA EUV lithography and backside power supply (SPR) technology will not be introduced initially, NanoFlex Pro technology will be used to optimize PPA (performance, power consumption, area) performance and meet the needs of high-performance clients and data centers.

Customer Layout Outlook: Apple has locked in the initial main production capacity of 2nm and is expected to be the first to adopt 1.4nm technology; AI chip giants such as NVIDIA and AMD also heavily rely on this node to support the development of next-generation GPUs and AI accelerators.

Global capacity layout strategy: It is worth noting that the 1.4nm advanced process is not included in the mass production blueprint of TSMC's US factory, highlighting its strategic intention to retain its core technology in Taiwan, China, China.